BaseHTTPServer类是在SocketServer的基础上创建出的一个简单的HTTP servers应用类，而通过BaseHTTPRequestHandler方法我们可以直接实现GET、POST等请求。由于其只是一个简单的SocketServer.TCPServer子类，它本身并不支持多线程或多进程，如果想使用多线程或多进程，需要结合threading模块去fork，这在后面也会提到。
一、HTTP GET请求
代码如下：
from BaseHTTPServer import BaseHTTPRequestHandler
import urlparse
class GetHandler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
def do_GET(self):
parsed_path = urlparse.urlparse(self.path)
message_parts = [
'CLIENT VALUES:',
'client_address=%s (%s)' % (self.client_address,
self.address_string()),
'command=%s' % self.command,
'path=%s' % self.path,
'real path=%s' % parsed_path.path,
'query=%s' % parsed_path.query,
'request_version=%s' % self.request_version,
'',
'SERVER VALUES:',
'server_version=%s' % self.server_version,
'sys_version=%s' % self.sys_version,
'protocol_version=%s' % self.protocol_version,
'',
'HEADERS RECEIVED:',
]
for name, value in sorted(self.headers.items()):
message_parts.append('%s=%s' % (name, value.rstrip()))
message_parts.append('')
message = '\r\n'.join(message_parts)
self.send_response(200)
self.end_headers()
self.wfile.write(message)
return
if __name__ == '__main__':
from BaseHTTPServer import HTTPServer
server = HTTPServer(('localhost', 8080), GetHandler)
print 'Starting server, use to stop'
server.serve_forever()
其中wfile方法用于向客户端返回信息，send_response返回对应的http代码。上面的监听地址可以跟据自已的需求进行修改。当我们运行以上代码时，客户端可以通过浏览器或CURL命令返回对应的结果。这里以CURL命令执行。其返回结果如下：
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$ curl -i http://localhost:8080/?foo=bar
HTTP/1.0 200 OK
Server: BaseHTTP/0.3 Python/2.7.15
Date: Thu, 30 Nov 2017 15:21:05 GMT
CLIENT VALUES:
client_address=('127.0.0.1', 54886) (localhost.localdomain)
command=GET
path=/?foo=bar
real path=/
query=foo=bar
request_version=HTTP/1.1
SERVER VALUES:
server_version=BaseHTTP/0.3
sys_version=Python/2.7.15
protocol_version=HTTP/1.0
HEADERS RECEIVED:
accept=*/*
host=localhost:8080
user-agent=curl/7.59.0
二、HTTP POST请求
BaseHTTPServer模块有提供<a href="https://docs.python.org/2/library/basehttpserver.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">rfile方法</a>读取POST数据，但功能较弱，对于文件上传类的操作，需要借助CGI模块处理。先看下rfile方法，读取POST数据的操作如下：
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datas = self.rfile.read(int(self.headers['content-length']))
datas = urllib.unquote(datas).decode("utf-8", 'ignore')
再看个复杂的，基于cgi模块的：
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from BaseHTTPServer import BaseHTTPRequestHandler
import cgi
class PostHandler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
def do_POST(self):
# Parse the form data posted
form = cgi.FieldStorage(
fp=self.rfile,
headers=self.headers,
environ={'REQUEST_METHOD':'POST',
'CONTENT_TYPE':self.headers['Content-Type'],
})
# Begin the response
self.send_response(200)
self.end_headers()
self.wfile.write('Client: %s\n' % str(self.client_address))
self.wfile.write('User-agent: %s\n' % str(self.headers['user-agent']))
self.wfile.write('Path: %s\n' % self.path)
self.wfile.write('Form data:\n')
# Echo back information about what was posted in the form
for field in form.keys():
field_item = form[field]
if field_item.filename:
# The field contains an uploaded file
file_data = field_item.file.read()
file_len = len(file_data)
del file_data
self.wfile.write('\tUploaded %s as "%s" (%d bytes)\n' % \
(field, field_item.filename, file_len))
else:
# Regular form value
self.wfile.write('\t%s=%s\n' % (field, form[field].value))
return
if __name__ == '__main__':
from BaseHTTPServer import HTTPServer
server = HTTPServer(('localhost', 8080), PostHandler)
print 'Starting server, use to stop'
server.serve_forever()
按如下命令请求后返回的结果如下：
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# curl http://localhost:8080/ -F name=www.361way.com -F foo=bar -F datafile=@test.py
Client: ('127.0.0.1', 55418)
User-agent: curl/7.59.0
Path: /
Form data:
Uploaded datafile as "test.py" (1442 bytes)
foo=bar
name=www.361way.com
不过这个示例也是非常简单的只是读取了上传文件的大小，直接就进行了数据的del，并未将上传的文件进行保存。
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三、多线程的使用
这里使用了SocketServer里的ThreadingMixIn方法和threading模块进行的实现。具体代码如下：
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from BaseHTTPServer import HTTPServer, BaseHTTPRequestHandler
from SocketServer import ThreadingMixIn
import threading
class Handler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
def do_GET(self):
self.send_response(200)
self.end_headers()
message = threading.currentThread().getName()
self.wfile.write(message)
self.wfile.write('\n')
return
class ThreadedHTTPServer(ThreadingMixIn, HTTPServer):
"""Handle requests in a separate thread."""
if __name__ == '__main__':
server = ThreadedHTTPServer(('localhost', 8080), Handler)
print 'Starting server, use to stop'
server.serve_forever()
如下每执行一次会打印一次线程信息：
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$ curl http://localhost:8080/ Thread-1 $ curl http://localhost:8080/ Thread-2 $ curl http://localhost:8080/ Thread-3
四、错误响应
错误响应使用的send_error方法，具体示例如下：
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from BaseHTTPServer import BaseHTTPRequestHandler
class ErrorHandler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
def do_GET(self):
self.send_error(404)
return
if __name__ == '__main__':
from BaseHTTPServer import HTTPServer
server = HTTPServer(('localhost', 8080), ErrorHandler)
print 'Starting server, use to stop'
server.serve_forever()
这里不再写输出结果，因为直接返回的404。
五、设置响应头
通过send_header方法，可以增加响应头内容。这里假设要发送一个Last-Modified的响应头，其内容是当前的时间戳，操作方法如下：
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from BaseHTTPServer import BaseHTTPRequestHandler
import urlparse
import time
class GetHandler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
def do_GET(self):
self.send_response(200)
self.send_header('Last-Modified', self.date_time_string(time.time()))
self.end_headers()
self.wfile.write('Response body\n')
return
if __name__ == '__main__':
from BaseHTTPServer import HTTPServer
server = HTTPServer(('localhost', 8080), GetHandler)
print 'Starting server, use to stop'
server.serve_forever()
本篇内容和代码主要基于pymotw翻译学习总结而来。
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