在之前的篇幅中提到了maven的配置、功能及简单的demo部署,本篇针对tomcat6 、tomcat7使用maven deploy war包的方法分别做下总结。配置之前需要准备好maven3 、tomcat6、tomcat7,并为maven安装好Maven-Tomcat plugin 插件。tomcat两个版本的deploy url 和命令分别如下:
# Tomcat 7 Deploy URL = http://localhost:8080/manager/text Command = mvn tomcat7:deploy # Tomcat 6 Deploy URL = http://localhost:8080/manager/ Command = mvn tomcat6:deploy
一、Tomcat7配置示例
1、配置tomcat认证
在tomcat manager中增加一个用户并配置在manager-gui 和 manager-script组中:
# cat %TOMCAT7_PATH%/conf/tomcat-users.xml <?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?> <tomcat-users> <role rolename="manager-gui"/> <role rolename="manager-script"/> <user username="admin" password="password" roles="manager-gui,manager-script" /> </tomcat-users>
2、maven认证配置
在maven的setting配置文件中增加刚刚配置的用户信息,如下:
# %MAVEN_PATH%/conf/settings.xml <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <settings ...> <servers> <server> <id>TomcatServer</id> <username>admin</username> <password>password</password> </server> </servers> </settings>
3、pom文件配置
在pom.xml 文件中配置tomcat7-maven-plugin的调用,并指定发布的URL与应用路径:
# cat pom.xml <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId> <artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.2</version> <configuration> <url>http://localhost:8080/manager/text</url> <server>TomcatServer</server> <path>/MyWebApp</path> </configuration> </plugin>
4、deploy发布
发布相关指令:
mvn tomcat7:deploy mvn tomcat7:undeploy mvn tomcat7:redeploy
初次部署用的是tomcat7:deploy命令,重新部署可以用tomcat7:redeploy命令(推荐统一用这个),Tomcat Maven插件支持的命令包括:run、shutdown、run-war-only、exec-war、standalone-war-only、deploy、standalone-war、undeploy、run-war、redeploy等。
具体发布示例:
> mvn tomcat7:deploy ... [INFO] Deploying war to http://localhost:8080/mkyongWebApp Uploading: http://localhost:8080/manager/text/deploy?path=%2FMyWebApp&update=true Uploaded: http://localhost:8080/manager/text/deploy?path=%2FMyWebApp&update=true (13925 KB at 35250.9 KB/sec) [INFO] tomcatManager status code:200, ReasonPhrase:OK [INFO] OK - Deployed application at context path /MyWebApp [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] BUILD SUCCESS [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] Total time: 8.507 s [INFO] Finished at: 2014-03-18T11:35:25+08:00 [INFO] Final Memory: 28M/308M [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
二、Tomcat6 deploy示例
1、配置tomcat认证
# cat %TOMCAT6_PATH%/conf/tomcat-users.xml <?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?> <tomcat-users> <role rolename="manager-gui"/> <role rolename="manager-script"/> <user username="admin" password="password" roles="manager-gui,manager-script" /> </tomcat-users>
2、配置maven认证
# cat %MAVEN_PATH%/conf/settings.xml <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <settings ...> <servers> <server> <id>TomcatServer</id> <username>admin</username> <password>password</password> </server> </servers> </settings>
3、tomcat maven插件配置
#编辑pom.xml 文件增加如下内容 <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId> <artifactId>tomcat6-maven-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.2</version> <configuration> <url>http://localhost:8080/manager</url> <server>TomcatServer</server> <path>/mkyongWebApp</path> </configuration> </plugin>
4、deploy发布
mvn tomcat6:deploy mvn tomcat6:undeploy mvn tomcat6:redeploy
发布示例:
> mvn tomcat6:deploy ... [INFO] Deploying war to http://localhost:8080/MyWebApp Uploading: http://localhost:8080/manager/deploy?path=%2FMyWebApp Uploaded: http://localhost:8080/manager/deploy?path=%2FMyWebApp (13925 KB at 32995.5 KB/sec) [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] BUILD SUCCESS [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] Total time: 22.652 s [INFO] Finished at: 2014-03-18T12:18:54+08:00 [INFO] Final Memory: 30M/308M [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
三、可能遇到的问题
1、redeploy无法删旧的目录内容
具体在$TOMCAT_HOME/logs下的catalina日志,如下:
信息: Undeploying context [/web-loab] Mar 18, 2014 13:52:26 下午 org.apache.catalina.startup.ExpandWar deleteDir 严重: [D:\tomcat\apache-tomcat-7.0.56\webapps\web-loab\WEB-INF] could not be completely deleted. The presence of the remaining files may cause problems
这是因为Tomcat还在使用这个目录,无法删除,必须修改$TOMCAT_HOME/conf/context.xml:
<Context antiJARLocking="true" antiResourceLocking="true">
2、Servelt.class offending
deploy以后web项目无法启动,具体报错如下:
Mar 18, 2014 13:46:29 下午 org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader validateJarFile 信息: validateJarFile(D:\tomcat\apache-tomcat-7.0.56\webapps\web-loab\WEB-INF\lib\servlet-api-6.0.29.jar) - jar not loaded. See Servlet Spec 3.0, section 10.7.2. Offending class: javax/servlet/Servlet.class
原因是webapps目录下的某个Web项目的WEB-INF/lib目录下有servlet-api.jar,删除之,并在pom.xml中指定servelt-api.jar的scope为provided:
<dependency> <groupId>org.apache.tomcat</groupId> <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId> <version>6.0.29</version> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency>
四、总结
maven的deploy功能虽然不错,不过还是有一此局限。要求从本地开发环境能直接访问Tomcat服务器所在网段;并且要求tomcat开启manager功能---该功能本身就是把双刃剑,用不好也会存在安全隐患;而且不能保存历史版本包。所以相较不如目前公司使用的bamboo方案:先将包打好为zip包后,根据版本统一存放在内部的一台http服务器上,再通过内部脚本实现的deploy系统实现停tomcat、删除旧文件、解压新文件到tomcat app目录、更新配置文件、再次启动tomcat的步骤 。同时所有的tomcat也都阉割了manager功能,在一定程度上也杜绝了一些安全隐患。
不过bamboo内部也是通过配置调用如maven、ant这类工具来实现的,而且maven本身的deploy功能也并非一无是处,在开发人员测试代码时就比较好用。
参考页面: