在之前的篇幅中提到了maven的配置、功能及简单的demo部署,本篇针对tomcat6 、tomcat7使用maven deploy war包的方法分别做下总结。配置之前需要准备好maven3 、tomcat6、tomcat7,并为maven安装好<a href="http://tomcat.apache.org/maven-plugin.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Maven-Tomcat plugin</a> 插件。tomcat两个版本的deploy url 和命令分别如下:
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# Tomcat 7
Deploy URL = http://localhost:8080/manager/text
Command = mvn tomcat7:deploy
# Tomcat 6
Deploy URL = http://localhost:8080/manager/
Command = mvn tomcat6:deploy
一、Tomcat7配置示例
1、配置tomcat认证
在tomcat manager中增加一个用户并配置在manager-gui 和 manager-script组中:
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# cat %TOMCAT7_PATH%/conf/tomcat-users.xml
2、maven认证配置
在maven的setting配置文件中增加刚刚配置的用户信息,如下:
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# %MAVEN_PATH%/conf/settings.xml
TomcatServer
admin
password
3、pom文件配置
在pom.xml 文件中配置tomcat7-maven-plugin的调用,并指定发布的URL与应用路径:
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# cat pom.xml
org.apache.tomcat.maven
tomcat7-maven-plugin
2.2
http://localhost:8080/manager/text
TomcatServer
/MyWebApp
4、deploy发布
发布相关指令:
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mvn tomcat7:deploy
mvn tomcat7:undeploy
mvn tomcat7:redeploy
初次部署用的是tomcat7:deploy命令,重新部署可以用tomcat7:redeploy命令(推荐统一用这个),Tomcat Maven插件支持的命令包括:run、shutdown、run-war-only、exec-war、standalone-war-only、deploy、standalone-war、undeploy、run-war、redeploy等。
具体发布示例:
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> mvn tomcat7:deploy
...
[INFO] Deploying war to http://localhost:8080/mkyongWebApp
Uploading: http://localhost:8080/manager/text/deploy?path=%2FMyWebApp&update=true
Uploaded: http://localhost:8080/manager/text/deploy?path=%2FMyWebApp&update=true (13925 KB at 35250.9 KB/sec)
[INFO] tomcatManager status code:200, ReasonPhrase:OK
[INFO] OK - Deployed application at context path /MyWebApp
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 8.507 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2014-03-18T11:35:25+08:00
[INFO] Final Memory: 28M/308M
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
二、Tomcat6 deploy示例
1、配置tomcat认证
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# cat %TOMCAT6_PATH%/conf/tomcat-users.xml
2、配置maven认证
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# cat %MAVEN_PATH%/conf/settings.xml
TomcatServer
admin
password
3、tomcat maven插件配置
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#编辑pom.xml 文件增加如下内容
org.apache.tomcat.maven
tomcat6-maven-plugin
2.2
http://localhost:8080/manager
TomcatServer
/mkyongWebApp
4、deploy发布
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mvn tomcat6:deploy
mvn tomcat6:undeploy
mvn tomcat6:redeploy
发布示例:
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> mvn tomcat6:deploy
...
[INFO] Deploying war to http://localhost:8080/MyWebApp
Uploading: http://localhost:8080/manager/deploy?path=%2FMyWebApp
Uploaded: http://localhost:8080/manager/deploy?path=%2FMyWebApp (13925 KB at 32995.5 KB/sec)
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 22.652 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2014-03-18T12:18:54+08:00
[INFO] Final Memory: 30M/308M
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
三、可能遇到的问题
1、redeploy无法删旧的目录内容
具体在$TOMCAT_HOME/logs下的catalina日志,如下:
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信息: Undeploying context [/web-loab]
Mar 18, 2014 13:52:26 下午 org.apache.catalina.startup.ExpandWar deleteDir
严重: [D:\tomcat\apache-tomcat-7.0.56\webapps\web-loab\WEB-INF] could not be completely deleted. The presence of the remaining files may cause problems
这是因为Tomcat还在使用这个目录,无法删除,必须修改$TOMCAT_HOME/conf/context.xml:
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2、Servelt.class offending
deploy以后web项目无法启动,具体报错如下:
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Mar 18, 2014 13:46:29 下午 org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader validateJarFile
信息: validateJarFile(D:\tomcat\apache-tomcat-7.0.56\webapps\web-loab\WEB-INF\lib\servlet-api-6.0.29.jar) - jar not loaded. See Servlet Spec 3.0, section 10.7.2. Offending class: javax/servlet/Servlet.class
原因是webapps目录下的某个Web项目的WEB-INF/lib目录下有servlet-api.jar,删除之,并在pom.xml中指定servelt-api.jar的scope为provided:
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org.apache.tomcat
servlet-api
6.0.29
provided
四、总结
maven的deploy功能虽然不错,不过还是有一此局限。要求从本地开发环境能直接访问Tomcat服务器所在网段;并且要求tomcat开启manager功能---该功能本身就是把双刃剑,用不好也会存在安全隐患;而且不能保存历史版本包。所以相较不如目前公司使用的bamboo方案:先将包打好为zip包后,根据版本统一存放在内部的一台http服务器上,再通过内部脚本实现的deploy系统实现停tomcat、删除旧文件、解压新文件到tomcat app目录、更新配置文件、再次启动tomcat的步骤 。同时所有的tomcat也都阉割了manager功能,在一定程度上也杜绝了一些安全隐患。
不过bamboo内部也是通过配置调用如maven、ant这类工具来实现的,而且maven本身的deploy功能也并非一无是处,在开发人员测试代码时就比较好用。
<strong>参考页面</strong>:
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-
Apache Tomcat 7 Manager App HOW-TO
-
Apache Tomcat 6 Manager App HOW-TO
-
Tomcat Maven Plugin
-
Tomcat Maven Plugin – Context Goals
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