shell脚本中${@:2}的含义

在看网上比较专业的Dockerfile的启动脚本中(ENTRYPOINT对应的启动文件)中经常会看到${@:2}这样的写法。该变量的用法有点类似于python中数组的切片,这里显示的是所有传参中,从第二个参数开始到结尾的所有参数的集合,其就是对$@变量的切片。

一、$@释义

看下一段关于这个变量的英文描述:
It’s showing the contents of the special variable $@, in Bash. It contains all the command line arguments, and this command is taking all the arguments from the second one on and storing them in a variable, variable.

给个简单的示例看下:

#!/bin/bash
echo ${@:2}
variable=${@:3}
echo $variable

# Example run:
./ex.bash 1 2 3 4 5
2 3 4 5
3 4 5

通过上面的简单脚本示例,可以看出其对应的输出就是对$@的切片,这里可以看到除了${@:2},还可以使用了${@:3}

二、Dockerfile使用中的示例

Dockerfile文件内容如下:

FROM node:7-alpine

WORKDIR /app
ADD . /app
RUN npm install

ENTRYPOINT ["./entrypoint.sh"]
CMD ["start"]

对应的entrypoint.sh脚本内容如下:

#!/usr/bin/env sh
# $0 is a script name,
# $1, $2, $3 etc are passed arguments
# $1 is our command
CMD=$1

case "$CMD" in
  "dev" )
    npm install
    export NODE_ENV=development
    exec npm run dev
    ;;

  "start" )
    # we can modify files here, using ENV variables passed in
    # "docker create" command. It can't be done during build process.
    echo "db: $DATABASE_ADDRESS" >> /app/config.yml
    export NODE_ENV=production
    exec npm start
    ;;

   * )
    # Run custom command. Thanks to this line we can still use
    # "docker run our_image /bin/bash" and it will work
    exec $CMD ${@:2}
    ;;
esac

可以看到这里的用法就是将后面的参数传进来执行。

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